:root {
    --bg: #fbfaf6;
    --surface: #ffffff;
    --ink: #1f1d1a;
    --ink-soft: #4a4742;
    --ink-mute: #76726b;
    --rule: rgba(31, 29, 26, 0.12);
    --rule-soft: rgba(31, 29, 26, 0.06);
    --accent: #7a2a1f;
    --accent-soft: #f4ece8;
    --warn: #8a6a16;
    --warn-soft: #f8efd9;
    --good: #2c5a3e;
    --good-soft: #e6efe7;
    --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Apple Garamond", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Inter", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
    --mono: "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  }
  * { box-sizing: border-box; }
  html, body {
    margin: 0; padding: 0;
    background: var(--bg);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  }
  .container {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 64px 28px 96px;
  }
  .wide {
    max-width: 980px;
    margin: 32px auto;
    padding: 0 28px;
  }
  header.masthead {
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    padding-bottom: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 48px;
  }
  .kicker {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  h1 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 38px;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }
  .dek {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin: 0;
  }
  .meta {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-top: 24px;
  }
  h2 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 26px;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin: 56px 0 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  }
  h2 .num {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  h3 {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 15px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin: 36px 0 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  p { margin: 0 0 18px; }
  p + p { margin-top: 0; }
  em { font-style: italic; }
  strong { font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink); }
  a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
  .lead::first-letter {
    initial-letter: 3;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-right: 6px;
  }
  blockquote {
    border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 4px 0 4px 22px;
    margin: 22px 0;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .note {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 18px 22px;
    margin: 24px 0;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
  .note .label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }
  .pull {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 22px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--ink);
    border-top: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 26px 0;
    margin: 36px 0;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  hr.section {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    margin: 64px 0;
  }
  .figure {
    margin: 36px 0;
  }
  .figure svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }
  .caption {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 10px;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  /* AQAL grid */
  .aqal {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .aqal-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .quad {
    padding: 22px 24px;
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .quad:nth-child(odd) { border-right: 0.5px solid var(--rule); }
  .quad:nth-child(n+3) { border-bottom: none; }
  .quad .tag {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }
  .quad h4 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    margin: 0 0 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .quad .weight {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .quad ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 16px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .quad li { margin-bottom: 4px; }
  .quad.ul .tag { color: #7a2a1f; }
  .quad.ur .tag { color: #8a6a16; }
  .quad.ll .tag { color: #4a3d6e; }
  .quad.lr .tag { color: #2c5a3e; }
  .quad.ul { background: #faf3f1; }
  .quad.ur { background: #faf5e9; }
  .quad.ll { background: #f2f0f6; }
  .quad.lr { background: #eef3ed; }
  /* Stages chart container */
  .chart-wrap {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 28px 24px 18px;
  }
  /* Shadow diagram styles inherit from SVG inline */
  /* Fact check */
  .fc {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 24px 26px;
    margin: 22px 0;
  }
  .fc-head {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .fc-claim {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .fc-claim::before { content: '"'; color: var(--ink-mute); margin-right: 2px; }
  .fc-claim::after { content: '"'; color: var(--ink-mute); margin-left: 2px; }
  .fc-source {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
  }
  .verdict {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .v-misleading { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }
  .v-contradicts { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }
  .v-contested { background: var(--warn-soft); color: var(--warn); }
  .v-unverifiable { background: #eee8e3; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .v-partly { background: var(--warn-soft); color: var(--warn); }
  .v-plausible { background: var(--good-soft); color: var(--good); }
  .fc-body {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .fc-body p { margin: 0 0 10px; }
  .fc-body p:last-child { margin: 0; }
  footer {
    border-top: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    margin-top: 80px;
    padding-top: 28px;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
  .watch-strip {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 16px 22px;
    margin: 28px 0 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .watch-strip .label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
  }
  .watch-strip a {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
    padding-bottom: 1px;
  }
  .watch-strip a:hover { opacity: 0.7; }
  .fc-sources {
    margin-top: 16px;
    padding-top: 12px;
    border-top: 0.5px dashed var(--rule);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  .fc-sources .label {
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    margin-right: 8px;
  }
  .fc-sources a {
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
    text-decoration-color: var(--rule);
  }
  .fc-sources a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
  .sources-section {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 26px 28px;
    margin: 32px 0;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
  .sources-section h3 {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 13px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin: 22px 0 10px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .sources-section h3:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
  .sources-section ul {
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    padding-left: 18px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }
  .sources-section li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
  .sources-section a {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
    text-decoration-color: var(--rule);
  }
  .sources-section a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
  .toc {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 20px 26px;
    margin: 36px 0 48px;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  .toc .label {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  .toc ol { margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; }
  .toc li { margin: 4px 0; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .toc a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
  .toc a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
  /* responsive */
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .aqal-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .quad:nth-child(odd) { border-right: none; }
    .quad { border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule); }
    .quad:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  }
  @media print {
    body { background: white; }
    .container, .wide { max-width: none; }
    #reading-progress, #toc-sidebar, #back-to-top { display: none !important; }
  }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Reading progress bar — item 1                                */
  /* ============================================================ */
  #reading-progress {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0; left: 0;
    height: 3px;
    width: 0%;
    background: var(--accent);
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: width 0.1s ease-out;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Reading time estimate — item 2                               */
  /* ============================================================ */
  .reading-time {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-top: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  }
  .reading-time .sep {
    margin: 0 8px;
    color: var(--rule);
  }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Sticky TOC sidebar — item 4                                  */
  /* ============================================================ */
  #toc-sidebar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 80px;
    left: 24px;
    width: 240px;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
    overflow-y: auto;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    z-index: 50;
    padding: 16px 14px;
    background: rgba(251, 250, 246, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-12px);
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  #toc-sidebar.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
  }
  #toc-sidebar .toc-label {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    font-size: 10px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
  }
  #toc-sidebar ol {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: toc-counter;
  }
  #toc-sidebar li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 5px 0 5px 22px;
    position: relative;
    counter-increment: toc-counter;
  }
  #toc-sidebar li::before {
    content: counter(toc-counter);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 5px;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    font-size: 9px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 16px;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  }
  #toc-sidebar a {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    transition: color 0.15s ease;
  }
  #toc-sidebar a:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
  }
  #toc-sidebar li.active a {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  #toc-sidebar li.active::before {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  /* Hide sidebar on viewports where it would crowd the content */
  @media (max-width: 1220px) {
    #toc-sidebar { display: none; }
  }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Back-to-top button — item 5                                  */
  /* ============================================================ */
  #back-to-top {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 28px;
    right: 28px;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 100;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 18px;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(8px);
    transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease, color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
    pointer-events: none;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(31, 29, 26, 0.08);
  }
  #back-to-top.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
  }
  #back-to-top:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
  }
  #back-to-top svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
  }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    #back-to-top {
      bottom: 20px;
      right: 20px;
    }
  }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Stronger section visual breaks — item 6                      */
  /* ============================================================ */
  hr.section {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    margin: 80px 0 64px;
    position: relative;
  }
  hr.section::after {
    content: '§';
    position: absolute;
    top: -14px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: var(--bg);
    padding: 0 14px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 18px;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  h2 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 28px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin: 56px 0 22px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  }
  h2 .num {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 500;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--rule);
    width: fit-content;
    padding-right: 24px;
  }
  /* Scroll offset for anchor targets so they don't sit under the progress bar */
  section[id], h2[id] { scroll-margin-top: 24px; }

  /* ============================================================ */
  /* Mobile + tablet layout                                       */
  /* ============================================================ */
  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .wide {
      margin: 24px auto;
      padding: 0 22px;
    }
    .chart-wrap {
      padding: 24px 20px 16px;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    header.masthead {
      padding-bottom: 22px;
      margin-bottom: 36px;
    }
    .container {
      padding: 40px 20px 64px;
    }
    h2 {
      margin: 44px 0 18px;
    }
    hr.section {
      margin: 56px 0 44px;
    }
    .sources-section,
    .chart-wrap {
      padding-left: 18px;
      padding-right: 18px;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    html,
    body {
      font-size: 16px;
    }
    .container {
      padding: 32px 18px 48px;
    }
    .wide {
      margin: 20px auto;
      padding: 0 18px;
    }
    header.masthead {
      padding-bottom: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 32px;
    }
    h1 {
      font-size: 27px;
      margin-bottom: 14px;
    }
    .dek {
      font-size: 17px;
    }
    .meta {
      margin-top: 18px;
      line-height: 1.55;
    }
    h2 {
      font-size: 22px;
      margin: 40px 0 16px;
    }
    h2 .num {
      font-size: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
      padding-right: 16px;
    }
    h3 {
      margin: 28px 0 12px;
      font-size: 14px;
    }
    p {
      margin-bottom: 15px;
    }
    blockquote {
      margin: 18px 0;
      padding-left: 16px;
    }
    .note,
    .pull,
    .figure,
    .toc {
      margin-top: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 20px;
    }
    .note {
      padding: 16px 18px;
    }
    .pull {
      font-size: 19px;
      padding: 20px 0;
    }
    hr.section {
      margin: 48px 0 40px;
    }
    hr.section::after {
      font-size: 16px;
      top: -12px;
      padding: 0 10px;
    }
    .quad {
      padding: 18px 16px;
    }
    .quad h4 {
      font-size: 17px;
    }
    .quad ul {
      font-size: 15px;
    }
    .chart-wrap {
      padding: 18px 14px 14px;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#stagesChart) {
      height: 560px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#gazaChart) {
      height: 440px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#nuclearChart) {
      height: 320px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#crossTierChart) {
      height: 420px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#bethlehemChart) {
      height: 360px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#opinionChart) {
      height: 300px !important;
    }
    .chart-wrap > div:has(#verdictChart) {
      height: 240px !important;
    }
    #pass4 .figure svg {
      min-height: 360px;
    }
    #pass4 .figure svg text {
      font-size: 9px;
    }
    #pass4 .figure svg > text:nth-of-type(-n+2) {
      font-size: 11px;
    }
    #pass4 .figure svg > text:last-of-type {
      font-size: 10px;
    }
    .fc {
      padding: 18px 16px;
      margin: 18px 0;
    }
    .fc-claim {
      font-size: 16px;
    }
    .fc-sources {
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }
    .fc-sources a {
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 6px 0;
      min-height: 44px;
      line-height: 1.45;
    }
    .verdict {
      align-self: flex-start;
      padding: 6px 12px;
      line-height: 1.35;
    }
    .sources-section {
      padding: 20px 18px;
      margin: 24px 0;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }
    .sources-section li {
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    .toc {
      padding: 18px 18px;
      margin: 28px 0 36px;
    }
    .toc li {
      margin: 0;
    }
    .toc a {
      display: block;
      padding: 10px 4px;
      min-height: 44px;
      line-height: 1.45;
    }
    .reading-time {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      align-items: center;
      line-height: 1.5;
      row-gap: 4px;
    }
    .reading-time .sep {
      margin: 0 0.45em;
    }
    .watch-strip {
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 8px 12px;
      padding: 14px 16px;
      margin-top: 22px;
    }
    .watch-strip .label {
      flex: 0 0 auto;
      margin-left: 0 !important;
    }
    .watch-strip a {
      flex: 1 1 100%;
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      min-height: 44px;
      padding: 8px 2px;
      line-height: 1.45;
    }
    footer {
      margin-top: 56px;
      padding-top: 22px;
    }
    .aqal,
    .sources-section,
    .chart-wrap {
      max-width: 100%;
    }
  }